Biodiesel is a suitable alternative to replace the petro-diesel. The biodiesel is formed by unsaturated esters easily degraded by interferences of oxygen, temperature, contact with metals or contaminants. The aim of this research was to investigate the biodiesel degradation process via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, observing the olefinic, bis-allylic and allylic protons signals of the chemical bonds, and by the induction period of the Rancimat. Biodiesel samples with metallic ions (Fe and Cu) and with rosemary natural extract were analyzed. The metal compounds showed a catalytic effect in the samples and the rosemary natural extract showed to be efficient by retarding the degradation process. The extract was ineffective in the presence of iron. Through the 1H NMR spectra was possible to observe changes in the signal intensities of the olefinic, bis-allylic and allylic protons as well as the formation of oxidation products in the biodiesel in the degradation process.

O presente trabalho demonstra a caracterização de compósitos fotoativáveis, mostrando que a espectroscopia de RPE combinada com as análises convencionais, pode trazer informações importantes sobre o processo de polimerização desse material restaurador estético. Inicialmente foram utilizados oito compósitos restauradores comerciais, dando ênfase à Z100 (3M ESPE) e o compósito restaurador Opallis (FGM), fotoativadas por um aparelho LED (ULTRA BLUE - Dabi Atlante). Foram realizadas análises por espectroscopia de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE), ensaios de resistência mecânica, microdureza superficial, Picnometria a gás, testes de raspagem, medida da translucidez e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Por RPE foi possível identificar as espécies de radicais presentes, sua intensidade relativa. Comparando as análises realizadas para as duas marcas comerciais, os resultados indicaram que o compósito restaurador Z100 gerou um número superior de radicais (Ir = 2,40 u.a) em relação ao outro compósito restaurador (Ir = 1,00 u.a); tendo também apresentado desempenho superior nas demais análises estudadas, corroborando assim com o fato de que o compósito que gerou maior número de radicais livres, identificada por RPE apresentou também as melhores propriedades físicas.

The present work shows the characterization of photoactivated composites, demonstrating that EPR spectroscopy combined with conventional analyses, can carry important information on the polymerization process of dental composites. Initially eight commercial composites were used, giving emphasis for the Z100 (3M ESPE) and the resin Opallis (FGM), irradiated by a LED unit (ULTRA BLUE - Dabi Atlante). Analyses for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, mechanical resistance, surface microhardness, gas picnometry, scratching, translucency measurement and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were accomplished. Based on the EPR results it was possible to identify the present radicals species and their relative intensity. Comparing the analyses accomplished for the two commercial brands, the results indicated that the resin Z100 (3M ESPE) generated a larger number of radicals (Ir = 2.40 u.a) when compared to the other resin (Ir = 1.00 u.a); also presented better performance when compared with other techniques used in the present manuscript, corroborating with the fact of composite which genterated larger number of radials as also the better physical properties.